The Impact of Downbeat Fit-CPR Music on Compression Rate During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Undergraduate Students: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Maternal Health-seeking Behaviour
Vol. 21 No. 1 : 2026 (338-349)

Mohd Hisham Isa
Mohd Hisham Isa
Ismail Mohd Saiboon
Ismail Mohd Saiboon
Harez Syafiq Bohari
Harez Syafiq Bohari
Pavanpreet Kaur Sidhu
Pavanpreet Kaur Sidhu
Hasmira Aida Che Razali
Hasmira Aida Che Razali
Alya Afiqah Alias
Alya Afiqah Alias
Prasanth Panjasaran
Prasanth Panjasaran
Lim Kar Keng
Lim Kar Keng

Abstract
A musical metronome is one method to assist the public in performing optimal chest compressions. This study evaluated the influence of innovative downbeat Fit-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) music versus no music on guiding laypersons to perform high-quality CPR. A randomised controlled trial was conducted among non-medical undergraduate students in Klang Valley, comparing a Fit-CPR music group (intervention) to standard CPR training (control). The intervention group received 90 minutes of hands-only CPR training, including a lecture, video presentation and three rounds of CPR practice with facilitators while listening to music. The control group underwent the same training without music. Primary outcomes included chest compression-associated components (rate, depth, recoil) and non-compression components (safety, response, help, breathing check, hand placement). A total of 53 students participated, with 27 (50.9%) in the intervention and 26 (49.1%) in the control group. Both groups showed significant improvement post-training (p < 0.001). The intervention group outperformed the control in compression and non-compression components (p = 0.008, p = 0.031). A significant association was found between the intervention and compression rate (p < 0.001), with 96.3% achieving the target rate compared to 53.8% in the control. However, no significant association was found for compression depth or recoil (p = 1.000, p = 0.498). This study demonstrates that Fit-CPR music helps laypersons to sustain the American Heart Association-recommended chest compression rate, highlighting its potential as an effective CPR training aid.

Keywords : Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; education; musical metronome; public; training; undergraduate,

Correspondance Address
Mohd Hisham Isa. Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Tel: +6012 3052005 Email: mohimois@ukm.edu.my


FIGURE 1: Flow diagram of the study protocol. (CPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation